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| Value | 0.50 Canadian dollar |
|---|---|
| Mass | 6.9 g |
| Diameter | 27.13 mm |
| Thickness | 1.95 mm |
| Edge | Milled |
| Composition | Nickel-plated steel 93.15% steel, 4.75% Cu, 2.1% Ni plating |
| Years of minting | 1870–present |
| Catalogue number | – |
| Obverse | |
| Design | Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada |
| Designer | Susanna Blunt |
| Design date | 2003 |
| Reverse | |
| Design | Canadian coat of arms |
| Designer | Thomas Shingles |
| Design date | 1959, updated 1997 |
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The fifty-cent piece (French: pièce de 50 cents) is the common name of the Canadiancoin worth 50 cents. The coin's reverse depicts the coat of arms of Canada. At the opening ceremonies for the Ottawa branch of the Royal Mint, held on January 2, 1908, Governor General Earl Grey struck the Dominion of Canada's first domestically produced coin. It was a silver fifty-cent piece bearing the effigy of King Edward VII.
Though it is regularly minted, it is not made in large quantities (approximate annual average production of 150,000), and since 2004 has only been available to the public directly from the mint. It is very rare to encounter this denomination in everyday transactions, since there seems to be the mistaken belief among many Canadians that the coin itself is rare and thus of value in excess of 50 cents. Most times, when a 50-cent piece is exchanged in a transaction, it is saved by its recipient. People quite commonly, upon being presented with 50-cent pieces, question the legality of the coin, because of the non-circulating status of the denomination. The coin occupies a similar status to that of the United States half-dollar coin. Newer vending machines do not generally accept it, even when they accept coins of both higher and lower value, but many older machines that were retooled to accept loonies will misidentify a 50-cent piece as a loonie, thus allowing the value of the coin to be doubled.[citation needed]
A largely unsuccessful attempt was made by the Royal Canadian Mint to promote the use of the coin when a special edition was released in 2002 marking the 50th anniversary of the accession of Elizabeth II to the throne. After this failed promotion, the mint stopped distributing 50 cent pieces to banks, and now only sells them in rolls or in coin sets available directly from their Numismatic Department at twice their face value, or $25 per roll of 25 coins.[1][2]
The mint's website lists the 2007 coat of arms 50¢ piece as 'rarely seen yet replete with tradition'.[3][4]
History of composition[edit]
| Years | Weight | Diameter | Thickness | Composition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000–present | 6.9 g | 27.13 mm | 1.95 mm | 93.15% steel, 4.75% copper, 2.1% nickel plating |
| 1980–1999 | 8.10 g | 27.13 mm | 1.9 mm | 99.9% nickel |
| 1968–1979 | 8.10 g | 27.13 mm | 1.93 mm | 99.9% nickel |
| 1920–1967 | 11.66 g | 29.72 mm | n/a | 80% silver, 20% copper |
| 1908–1919 | 11.62 g | 29.72 mm | n/a | 92.5% silver, 7.5% copper |
[5][6]
1921 issue rarity[edit]
During the early to mid-1920s, demand for 50-cent pieces was minimal. Only 28,000 pieces were issued between 1921 and 1929. When greater demand for the denomination arose in 1929, the Master of the Ottawa Mint decided to melt the stock of 1920 and 1921 coins. It amounted to a total of 480,392 coins. The decision was due to the belief that the public would suspect counterfeits if a large number of coins dated 1920 and 1921 were placed into circulation. It is believed that 75 or so of the 1921 coins have survived, mainly from sets that were sold at the time.[7] Long known as the 'king of Canadian coins', this piece brings a price commensurate with its rarity and reputation, with a high grade example (PCGS MS-66) having sold for US$227,546 (this price includes buyers premium but not the taxes) in a January 2010 Heritage Auction.[8] The highest graded specimen is graded by PCGS at MS-67 and sold (by Diverse Equities[9]) in the year 2000 to a private collector for the then sum of US$400,000. Today this coin would most likely bring US$1 million at an auction.
Condition rarity: Almost all examples are found in good to very good condition, which means in heavily circulated condition. Based on the ICCS report of 2012 only 1 has been graded in fine condition. A total of 0 have been graded in very fine and 0 in extra fine. There are also 6 known in AU condition. Only 3 mint state examples of the King of Canadian coins exist making it extremely elusive and desirable. On average a mint state example comes up for sale once every 10 years and draws a lot of attention from wealthy buyers.
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Values in very good (VG-8) and gem mint state (MS-65): As of 2012 the value is estimated at US$45,000 in very good condition and is estimated at US$250,000 to US$350,000 in gem mint condition. These are average trends calculated by using prices sold in the past few years.
2000-P issue rarity[edit]
The 2000-P 50-cent piece is another Canadian numismatic rarity. Approximately 276 of the 2000-P 50-cent pieces are known to have been minted. Each of these 276 coins was mounted in a clock as gifts to mint employees. This makes the 2000-P 50-cent coin one of the rarest Canadian half-dollars ever produced.
Commemorative editions[edit]
| Image | Year | Theme | Artist | Mintage | Special notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1967 | Canadian Centennial | Alex Colville | 4,211,395 | Features a howling wolf | |
| 2002 | Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II | Cathy Bursey-Sabourin | 14,440,000 | 50th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II's accession to the throne. Obverse shows her royal cypher 'EIIR' instead of the usual 'Elizabeth II'. | |
| 2017 | Canada 150 | Ariana Cuvin | 875,000 | Features the Canada 150 logo |
First strikes[edit]
| Year | Theme | Mintage | Issue price |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | Coat of arms | 2,298 | $14.95 |
| 2006 | New mint mark | 5,000 | $29.95 |
References[edit]
- ^Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins, Volume One, 67th Edition, W.K. Cross, Editor, p. 194, ISBN0-88968-354-9, The Charlton Press, Toronto
- ^Royal Canadian Mint
- ^Royal Canadian Mint
- ^Royal Canadian Mint
- ^'From sea to sea – the 50-cent coin'. Royal Canadian Mint. Retrieved 2012-01-14.
- ^Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins, 60th Anniversary Edition, W.K. Cross, Editor, pp. 139–153, ISBN0-88968-297-6, The Charlton Press, Toronto
- ^Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins, 60th Anniversary Edition, W.K. Cross, Editor, p. 143, ISBN0-88968-297-6, The Charlton Press, Toronto
- ^coins.ha.com
- ^diverseequities.com
Top 10 Masternode Coins in 2021
Based on my research, I’ve compiled a list of the best masternode coins in 2021. My criteria for choosing include development team and potential, stability of the coin, required investment and ROI.
| Coin | Price | ROI | MN worth | Required | # of nodes | Go to |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dash (DASH) | $204.62 | nan% | N/A | DASH MN | ||
| Pivx (PIVX) | $1.27 | nan% | N/A | PIVX MN | ||
| Chaincoin (CHC) | $0.34 | nan% | N/A | CHC MN | ||
| SmartCash (SMART) | $0.01 | nan% | N/A | SMART MN | ||
| Syscoin (SYS) | $0.19 | nan% | N/A | SYS MN | ||
| Zcoin (XZC) | $4.97 | nan% | N/A | XZC MN | ||
| Phore (PHORE) | $0.37 | nan% | N/A | PHORE MN | ||
| Stakenet (XSN) | $0.29 | nan% | N/A | XSN MN | ||
| Bulwark (BWK) | $0.09 | nan% | N/A | BWK MN | ||
| Blocknet (BLOCK) | $3.68 | nan% | N/A | BLOCK MN |
What Is a Masternode?
To understand what a masternode is, we first need to explore the different roles in a blockchain.
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All users install a wallet to access their coins and operate with them – that is known as a node, a point of access in the network. With it, you can send and receive funds, perhaps stake and keep a simplified (partial) copy of the blockchain.
Masternodes on the other hand, not only store a full copy of the blockchain, but they also provide specialized functions to all members of the network. For example, in Dash we are presented with enhanced privacy of transactions and instant sending of funds. In other currencies, you may come across budgeting and treasury systems. In most cases, you, as the host of a masternode, will also receive voting rights on proposals for modifications to the consensus, altering the block size or reward and other network-wide changes. As such, you’re not only entitled, but also responsible for your actions.
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Reward System
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The rules governing the reward system can differ from coin to coin. Alongside masternodes, some networks have miners, others stakers. The split of rewards among participants is according to a pre-defined set of rules, of which you can inform yourselves beforehand. As a masternode, you receive a percentage of every block reward issued in the network, as besides enabling specific functions on the network, you also verify transactions, and for that, you’re paid.
The rate of earning a reward, however, depends on many different factors, including the number of miners/stakers in the network, number of masternodes, consensus algorithm and validation rules etc. In any case, you will be required to keep your machine online 24/7 to ensure you’re supporting the network and to keep yourself eligible for earning rewards.
Payout
Each network has a different approach to payouts. Some distribute earnings multiple times a day, others pay masternode operators once daily. To be eligible for a reward, as I previously mentioned, you need to be online constantly and furthermore, the amount you’ve invested will have to be “locked”. In essence, you cannot use those coins for any other goals. If you decide to stop hosting a masternode, however, you’re free to withdraw those coins.
How Are Masternodes Different From Staking
The main difference between masternodes and staking is that unlike staking, where you can operate with your coins to some extent and split them into smaller batches, with masternodes you need to lock in the amount. Furthermore, to establish a masternode you need a sizeable investment. On the plus side, unlike staking, where earning a reward is somewhat like a lottery, with masternodes you’re guaranteed an income.
If you’re interested in learning more about staking, how it works and which the best staking coins are, visit the following page.
How to Set Up a Masternode
Hot and Cold Masternodes
Masternodes in the cryptosphere can be hosted using either hot or cold wallets. Each variant has their set of advantages and disadvantages, but in a nutshell: hot wallets are for day-to-day use, operating with small amounts of coins and cold wallets – for holding and storing long-term with increased security. These properties are valid for hot and cold masternodes as well, as they’re pretty much interchangeable terms.
Hot Masternode Setup
The process is straightforward. To begin, you’ll need either a remote Windows or Linux server (VPS) or a dedicated PC. When you have access to one, install your wallet and wait for it to synchronize the entire blockchain. Once that step is complete, next, you’ll need to send the specified amount of coins to your VPS wallet address.
Make sure you send the exact amount, as all wallets are specific in that regard and won’t confirm you as a masternode if you don’t.
Next up, configure your wallet file accordingly and make sure you’ve encrypted and backed up everything. This is so you avoid any chances of being hacked or losing access to your funds. In the end, no matter how many measures you take towards increasing your security, you’ll be vulnerable either to the outside world, your VPS provider tracking your information, accessing your filesystem etc. This is where we come to the next best thing – cold staking.
Cold Masternode Setup
To set up a cold masternode, you’ll require two wallets – one for your VPS server (hot wallet) and one for your local machine – the cold storage. You won’t be storing any coins on your VPS wallet and as such, you’ll be maximizing the security of your funds.
Your local wallet will be storing your private keys and allow you full control over your coins. The idea is that you delegate the day to day operation to your hot wallet, which is online 24/7 and will represent you for all intents and purposes in the network.
That is how, you’ll be able to get the best of both worlds – all day availability for receiving rewards and the highest level of security.
FAQ
- Yes, you can. Provided you can supply it with enough storage space to download the blockchain, you can use it either as the node itself or simply replace your VPS.
- VPS or Virtual Private Server is a virtual machine that is supplied by a web hosting company. You can run an independent installation of an OS, be that Windows or Linux and use it for hosting a masternode. You’ll receive a static IP address and 99.9% uptime which will guarantee your stability and efficiency in making a profit from masternodes.
- Depending on the cryptocurrency itself, you may need a VPS with different OS, network bandwidth and/or hardware to be able to run a masternode. You can find all requirements by following the links from the top 10 masternodes list, or via the website’s navigation.
- The choice is entirely yours, however, based on my own experience and market research, some of the top suppliers include Amazon EC2, DigitalOcean Droplets, Vultr, Linode, Microsoft Azure, Choopa and others.
- Do I need any specials skills to set up a masternode?Most if not all masternodes use Ubuntu Linux for their VPS as it’s a lightweight OS. While not mandatory, basic Linux skills will surely be a plus.